This new study by UNEP and the Life Cycle Initiative, reviews five scientific Life Cycle Assessments (LCA) on face-masks to draw conclusions on which among the available alternatives, single-use or reusable, have the lowest environmental impacts, along their life cycle – from extraction of raw materials, to their end of life.

The report finds that reusable masks (particularly if made from synthetic materials) are less damaging for the environment than single-use face masks, and reusable cotton masks, if used responsibly and economically.

To identify which type of face masks are environmentally preferred; the study considers the following factors:

• Number of reuses and washing practices (which are key to minimize environmental impacts)
• Materials used
• Guidelines and standards on how to use masks
• Location of production vs. point of sale (transport)
• End-of-life disposal